Assess students' ability to analyze how democratic constitutions balance executive emergency powers with legislative oversight. Test knowledge of legal doctrines, types of emergency measures, institutional checks (declarations, legislative approval, sunset clauses, budgetary and committee oversight), judicial review, comparative constitutional examples, and normative trade-offs between rapid crisis response and protection of civil liberties. Tasks include applying doctrines to hypothetical crises, comparing constitutional models, critiquing past responses, and proposing reforms to strengthen accountability while preserving effective emergency governance.