Assess students' ability to evaluate the authenticity and attribution of disputed Renaissance paintings by integrating stylistic analysis, technical examination (pigment composition, brushwork, infrared reflectography, x‑radiography, dendrochronology where applicable), and provenance research; require interpretation of hypothetical technical data and provenance records, weighing conflicting evidence, identifying workshop versus master traits and restorations, and justifying a reasoned attribution with recommended further tests and discussion of uncertainty.