Assess students' ability to evaluate how consumer data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR) influence digital platform competition, innovation, and firm valuation. Scope includes relevant economic theory (network effects, data externalities), empirical identification strategies (difference‑in‑differences, natural experiments), compliance costs, incumbents vs entrants, investment incentives, market structure and consumer welfare impacts, and valuation metrics (DCF, multiples). Students must critique trade-offs and recommend policy actions grounded in quantitative and qualitative evidence.