Assess students' ability to apply the multi-step constitutional proportionality test (suitability, necessity/least-restrictive-means, proportionality in the narrow sense) to public-health emergency restrictions (e.g., quarantines, lockdowns, mask or vaccine mandates). Require identification of affected constitutional rights, evaluation of evidentiary basis and temporal scope, consideration of judicial deference and procedural safeguards, and proposal of less intrusive alternatives with a reasoned conclusion.