Assess students' ability to apply normalization (1NF–3NF) by identifying repeating groups, candidate keys, partial and transitive dependencies, and decomposing relations into 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF. Require justification for each decomposition step, show resulting relation schemas and functional dependencies, and evaluate lossless-join and dependency-preservation trade-offs. Include a short denormalized sample table to normalize.