Evaluate students' ability to analyze how watershed land-use changes (urbanization, agriculture, deforestation, restoration) influence water quality (nutrients, sediments, contaminants), aquatic biodiversity (species richness, habitat structure, connectivity), and flood risk (runoff, infiltration, peak flows). Tasks include interpreting GIS maps, water-quality and bioassessment data, basic hydrographs, and proposing or critiquing mitigation strategies (BMPs, riparian buffers, green infrastructure).