Assess students' ability to analyze causes and effects of urban runoff on a local stream ecosystem by identifying common sources (impervious surfaces, oils, fertilizers), explaining processes (stormwater flow, erosion, contaminant transport), interpreting simple data (rainfall vs. runoff, turbidity or pollutant indicators), describing ecological impacts (water quality decline, habitat loss, effects on plants and animals), and proposing practical, grade-appropriate mitigation strategies (green infrastructure, retention, behavior changes).