Assess graduate students' ability to analyze how cloud parameterizations generate uncertainty in climate model projections, including types of cloud schemes (convection, microphysics, stratiform), sources of structural and parametric uncertainty, methods to quantify and attribute that uncertainty (perturbed-parameter ensembles, multi-model ensembles, emergent constraints, sensitivity experiments), evaluation against observations and process-level diagnostics, and implications for regional and global projection ranges and decision-relevant metrics.