Test graduate students' ability to analyze microbial and geochemical controls on methane emissions from thawing permafrost. Scope: link community composition and functional genes (e.g., mcrA, pmoA), methanogenesis pathways, methanotrophy, substrate availability, redox, temperature, hydrology, organic matter quality, and porewater chemistry to measured CH4 fluxes and isotopic signatures; interpret molecular, biogeochemical, incubation and flux data; and evaluate experimental and modeling approaches to attribute drivers and quantify uncertainty.