Assess learners' ability to analyze how land‑use and land‑cover changes (e.g., urbanization, agricultural expansion, deforestation/afforestation) alter watershed hydrology—runoff generation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, peak and baseflow—and affect nutrient (N, P) sources, transport, and loading across spatial and temporal scales; interpret monitoring data and model outputs (e.g., SWAT, HSPF, SWMM), identify drivers of change, and evaluate mitigation options (BMPs, green infrastructure, riparian buffers) to support management decisions.