Evaluate students' ability to analyze how land-use change (e.g., urbanization, agricultural intensification, afforestation/deforestation) alters watershed hydrology (runoff, infiltration, baseflow, evapotranspiration) and nutrient export (N, P) in temperate catchments; scope includes monitoring and sampling design, process-based and statistical modeling, temporal/spatial scaling, interpretation of empirical/model outputs, and assessment of mitigation strategies (BMPs, riparian buffers).