Assess students' ability to analyze how topography (slope, elevation, drainage patterns), land use (impervious surfaces, agriculture, vegetation), and population distribution (density, location of vulnerable groups) interact to determine flood risk in a local watershed. Tasks include interpreting elevation and land-use maps, estimating relative runoff potential, identifying high-risk zones, and proposing evidence-based mitigation strategies with clear justification. Scope: local watershed scale, map reading, basic hydrology, and socio-environmental reasoning for grades 6–8.