Assess students' ability to analyze the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange across the Americas, Europe, and Africa by examining transfers of plants (maize, potatoes, sugar), animals (horses, cattle), diseases (smallpox), and people (enslaved Africans); evaluate ecological, demographic, economic, and cultural consequences (short- and long-term), and require use of evidence and multiple perspectives to explain regional differences and connections to colonization and the Atlantic slave trade.