Assess students' ability to analyze coupled climate–carbon cycle feedbacks and identify potential tipping points using transient greenhouse forcing experiments in Earth system models. Tasks include interpreting model outputs (surface temperature, carbon fluxes, ocean uptake, permafrost and vegetation carbon release), quantifying time-dependent feedback strengths and sensitivities, designing ensemble experiments to probe parameter and forcing uncertainty, detecting early-warning indicators of abrupt transitions, and evaluating implications for mitigation and model limitations.