Assess students' ability to analyze how checks and balances among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches prevent abuse of power in a democratic government. The quiz should require identification of specific powers (e.g., veto, impeachment, judicial review, confirmations), explanation of how these mechanisms constrain other branches, evaluation of historical or hypothetical scenarios where checks succeed or fail, and formulation of evidence-based recommendations for strengthening safeguards. Designed for grades 6–8 at an advanced level, items should demand comparative reasoning, cause-and-effect analysis, and evaluation of limits and trade-offs.