Assess students' ability to analyze how input, processing, storage, and output work together in a basic computer system. Items should ask learners to identify real-world examples for each stage (e.g., keyboard, CPU, hard drive, monitor), trace the flow of simple data through the four stages, explain the role of each component, and predict system effects when one stage is altered or fails. Include short-answer questions, a labeled diagram to complete, and one comparative question requiring explanation of cause-and-effect within the system.