Assess learners' ability to analyze root causes of employee turnover in small and medium-sized enterprises, covering internal and external drivers (culture, leadership, compensation, workload, market factors), diagnostic methods (exit interviews, engagement surveys, turnover metrics, qualitative interviews), interpretation of data, and development of cost‑effective, evidence-based mitigation strategies (recruitment, retention, career development, compensation design, flexible work, leadership development). Include evaluation of trade-offs, implementation planning, and monitoring metrics appropriate for SME constraints.