Assess learners' ability to analyze and compare how aerobic versus resistance training—varying in intensity, duration, and frequency—affects cardiovascular health markers in adults. Scope includes interpreting changes in VO2max, resting and exercise heart rate, blood pressure, lipid profiles, endothelial function, and heart rate variability; distinguishing acute versus chronic adaptations; evaluating dose–response relationships; identifying key confounders (age, baseline fitness, medication); and making evidence-based program recommendations based on study findings.