Assess students' understanding of photosynthesis at the biochemical and physiological levels: the overall balanced equation, roles of chloroplast structures (thylakoid, stroma), light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin) reactions, energy carriers (ATP, NADPH), major limiting factors (light intensity/wavelength, CO2, temperature), and the process's ecological significance; items should require explanation, interpretation of diagrams, and application to simple experimental scenarios.