Assess graduate-level ability to analyze watershed-scale interactions among land-use change, climate variability, and nutrient transport that lead to coastal hypoxia. Test skills in interpreting observational and model datasets, attributing causal pathways (e.g., runoff, legacy nutrient storage, hydrologic connectivity, extreme events, and biogeochemical transformations), comparing scenario projections, and formulating evidence-based mitigation and management strategies across spatial and temporal scales.