[Assess undergraduate students' ability to apply life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost–benefit analysis (CBA) to choose a sustainable packaging option for a specified consumer product. Scope: identify and quantify key life-cycle stages (raw materials, manufacturing, transport, use, end-of-life), compare environmental impacts (e.g., GHGs, energy, water, waste) and monetary costs across alternatives, perform a basic CBA including externalities and life-cycle costing, conduct a sensitivity or scenario analysis for key assumptions, and produce a justified recommendation that discusses trade-offs, data limitations, and stakeholder considerations.]