Test students' understanding of temporal and spatial locality and their effect on cache performance; cover cache organization (cache line/block size, direct-mapped, set-associative, fully-associative mapping, replacement and write policies), miss types (compulsory, capacity, conflict), and performance metrics (hit rate, miss penalty, average memory access time). Require analysis of short code snippets to predict hit/miss patterns, compute miss rates and AMAT, and propose code-level optimizations (blocking, loop interchange, prefetching) to improve locality and program performance.