Assess graduate students' ability to analyze and attribute regional streamflow trends to climate variability versus land-use change using hydrological modeling and trend-analysis techniques; items should cover data needs (climate forcings, land-cover maps, discharge records), model setup and calibration/validation, scenario-based attribution experiments (fixed-landuse vs fixed-climate), statistical trend tests and decomposition methods, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, calculation/interpretation of relative contributions, and critical evaluation of methodological limitations and assumptions.