Assess graduate students' ability to recall and define the states and canonical state-transition rules of the MESI, MOESI, and MESIF cache-coherence protocols in snooping multiprocessor systems; require listing and defining each protocol's states (Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid, plus Owned and Forward where applicable) and describing standard transitions for key events (read hit/miss, write hit/miss, BusRd/BusRdX/BusUpgr, invalidation, downgrades) including which states supply data on the bus and how ownership/forwarding are used to maintain coherence.