Assess students' understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that control soil carbon inputs, transformation, and long‑term stabilization in temperate agricultural systems, including key mechanisms (aggregate protection, mineral‑associated organic matter, sorption to clays/oxides, microbial processing and priming), vertical distribution, the influence of soil texture and mineralogy, common management practices (tillage, cover crops, residue management, biochar), and basic measurement/fractionation approaches used to estimate sequestration potential and permanence.