Assess students' ability to apply Fourth Amendment search and seizure doctrines to fact patterns involving digital data and smartphone privacy. Include issues such as reasonable expectation of privacy, warrant requirements and key exceptions (search incident to arrest, exigent circumstances, consent, third‑party doctrine), location data and CSLI, encryption/passcodes, border searches, and government use of warrants/subpoenas. Require identification of controlling tests and precedents (e.g., Riley v. California, Carpenter v. United States), analysis of competing legal arguments, and practical recommendations for lawful investigative steps and remedies.