Test students' understanding of how patronage systems (papal, courtly, and mercantile), workshop organization and practices (studio roles, apprenticeships, collaboration), and technical/artistic processes shaped artistic production in High Renaissance Italy; require focused analysis and comparison using primary examples from Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael (e.g., Last Supper, Sistine Chapel, Vatican commissions), explanation of how patron demands influenced subject, scale, and authorship, and evaluation of attribution and material/technique issues in workshop outputs.