Test students' ability to apply basic life-cycle thinking to compare the environmental impacts of two everyday products. Require definition of a clear functional unit and system boundaries (e.g., cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave), identification of life-cycle stages (materials, manufacturing, transport, use, end-of-life), selection of relevant impact categories (energy use, GHGs, resource depletion, waste), simple data collection or estimations, hotspot identification, and evidence-based recommendations; assessment emphasizes applied reasoning and justified trade-offs.