Assess how Toni Morrison employs narrative fragmentation in Beloved to represent individual and collective trauma. Test takers will analyze nonlinear chronology, shifting focalization, fragmented syntax, repetition, silences, and gaps in specific passages; relate these formal techniques to themes of memory, haunting, and historical violence; apply trauma/memory theory or African American studies frameworks; and produce close readings and evidence-based arguments that consider reader response and historical context. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate/graduate analysis.