Assess learners' ability to analyze Earth's climate feedback mechanisms (positive and negative), evaluate tipping points and thresholds across major components (cryosphere, ocean circulation, permafrost, biosphere), interpret model outputs and empirical indicators, quantify feedback strengths (e.g., climate sensitivity, feedback factors), and determine reversibility and risk of abrupt transitions using conceptual reasoning, data interpretation (time series, forcing–response plots), and scenario-based problem solving.