Evaluate learners' understanding of physiological adaptations to regular moderate‑intensity exercise in adults, focusing on cardiovascular mechanisms (e.g., changes in stroke volume, resting heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, endothelial function), metabolic effects (e.g., insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, lipid profile, mitochondrial function), typical timelines and magnitudes of change, and implications for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk and informing evidence‑based recommendations.