Assess students' understanding of the light-dependent reactions (photosystems I & II, electron transport, photophosphorylation, ATP/NADPH production) and the Calvin cycle (carbon fixation by RuBisCO, reduction steps, G3P formation, and regeneration of RuBP). Include interpreting rate-vs-environment graphs, predicting effects of light intensity, wavelength, CO2 concentration, temperature, and water stress, and designing simple experiments or explanations for observed changes in photosynthetic rate.