Assess graduate students' recall of the holdings and doctrinal contributions of five landmark Supreme Court cases—Marbury v. Madison (judicial review), McCulloch v. Maryland (national supremacy and the Necessary and Proper Clause), Gibbons v. Ogden (interstate commerce interpretation), Wickard v. Filburn (aggregation principle expanding commerce power), and United States v. Lopez (limits on commerce power)—and identify how each ruling shaped the balance of federal and state authority in U.S. constitutional law.