Assess students' ability to analyze how removing or introducing a species alters population dynamics, trophic interactions, and energy transfer in a temperate forest food web; tasks include modifying or constructing food-web diagrams, using energy-transfer assumptions (e.g., 10% rule) to calculate changes in biomass/energy, identifying direct and indirect (cascading) effects, and evaluating ecosystem resilience and simple management responses. Appropriate for Grade 6–8, advanced analysis.