Assess students' ability to apply panel-data econometric techniques to estimate and interpret price elasticity of demand for goods or services, including model selection (pooled OLS, fixed/random effects), addressing price endogeneity (IV, control function), dynamic specifications (lagged dependent variables, Arellano–Bond), calculating elasticities and robust standard errors (clustered/heteroskedasticity-robust), performing specification and robustness checks, and drawing policy-relevant conclusions from estimated coefficients.