Assess students' ability to solve multi-step word problems that require choosing and applying addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with whole numbers and simple fractions (including mixed numbers and fraction-of-a-quantity tasks). Items should require translating text into equations, carrying units and order of operations across steps, using strategies such as estimation, models, or number lines, and explaining or showing reasoning. Include contexts like measurement, money, and fair sharing appropriate for Grades 3–5.