Assess students' ability to evaluate trade-offs among equity, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions using integrated climate–energy–transport models for metropolitan transition planning. Test competency in interpreting model outputs and metrics (distributional impacts, marginal abatement cost curves, total system cost, and emissions trajectories), critiquing modeling assumptions and scenario design, performing sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, and recommending policy or project choices that balance distributional justice, fiscal constraints, and emissions targets in a metropolitan context.