Assess students' ability to analyze how changes in land use—urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation—alter watershed hydrology and water quality by examining effects on runoff volume and timing, peak flows, infiltration, sediment load, and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution; tasks may include interpreting simple graphs or maps, comparing scenarios, explaining mechanisms, predicting outcomes, and evaluating mitigation strategies (e.g., riparian buffers, retention basins) with reasoning.