Assess learners' ability to analyze trade-offs between hard engineering (e.g., seawalls, groynes, revetments) and nature-based approaches (e.g., dune restoration, living shorelines, marsh creation) for a mid-sized coastal community. Scope includes comparing short- and long-term effectiveness, capital and maintenance costs, ecological services and impacts, social acceptance and equity, governance and financing constraints, and adaptability to sea-level rise; learners should evaluate scenarios, identify key data and indicators, and justify an evidence-based recommendation that balances resilience, cost, and ecosystem outcomes.