Assess understanding of how organisms convert and transfer energy via photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Include key processes (light reactions, Calvin cycle, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport/chemiosmosis), ATP production and balanced equations, organelle localization (chloroplasts, mitochondria), anaerobic alternatives (fermentation), and energy transfer across trophic levels. Use comparison questions, diagram interpretation, and short explanations predicting effects of environmental changes on energy flow and efficiency.