Assess knowledge of frameworks, methods, and evidence required to evaluate construct validity and washback of automated essay scoring (AES) in graduate-level academic writing assessments. Scope includes validity frameworks (Messick, Kane), psychometric analyses (reliability, construct representation, criterion-related evidence), study design and statistics for AES, qualitative and mixed-methods approaches to document washback on teaching and learning, equity and ethical issues, and mitigation strategies; expect to evaluate research findings, design an evaluative study, and propose policy/practice recommendations.