Assess students' understanding of how renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro), energy storage technologies (batteries, pumped hydro, thermal), and grid-stability measures (frequency regulation, demand response, microgrids) interact to reduce carbon emissions. Scope covers intermittency and dispatchability, metrics (capacity factor, emissions intensity, reliability), technology trade-offs, and policy/engineering strategies for integrating renewables while maintaining grid stability; tasks may include explaining concepts, analyzing short scenarios, comparing storage options, and proposing balanced solutions.