Test students' ability to analyze how core administrative law principles—nondelegation, statutory interpretation and deference, procedural and substantive judicial review (e.g., hard-look, arbitrary-and-capricious), due process, proportionality/necessity, and remedies—operate to constrain executive discretion during declared national emergencies; assessment will require applying these doctrines to hypotheticals, evaluating statutory delegations and emergency powers, comparing case law approaches, and recommending institutional or doctrinal safeguards.