Assess learners' ability to analyze how supply‑chain disruptions affect operational costs and pricing strategy for mid‑sized manufacturing firms. Scope includes disruption types (supplier failure, transport delays, input scarcity), cost channels (inventory carrying, stockouts, expedited freight, overtime, quality losses), methods to quantify cost increases and margin impacts, demand elasticity and cost‑pass‑through decisions, pricing frameworks (cost‑plus, value‑based, dynamic), and mitigation tactics (supplier diversification, contracts, inventory policies, hedging). Quiz items require interpreting scenarios, calculating cost and margin changes, recommending pricing responses and trade‑offs, and evaluating legal or competitive constraints.