Assess understanding of the principles and limits of administrative discretion in regulatory agencies, covering statutory delegation, standards and scope of review (e.g., arbitrary-and-capricious, Chevron/Skidmore), procedural constraints (notice-and-comment rulemaking, adjudication, APA safeguards), constitutional limits (nondelegation, separation of powers, due process), political and statutory oversight, and the ability to apply these concepts to short fact patterns to evaluate whether agency actions fall within lawful discretion.