Assess students' ability to evaluate environmental, economic, and social trade-offs of large‑scale carbon dioxide removal strategies—afforestation, BECCS, and direct air capture—within the context of national climate policy. Questions should require comparison of lifecycle emissions and permanence, cost per tCO2 and scalability, land/water use and biodiversity impacts, technological readiness and energy demands, monitoring and verification challenges, co‑benefits and opportunity costs, and distributional equity; include scenario-based items that ask for justified policy recommendations using quantitative and qualitative evidence.