Assess students' ability to apply the Demographic Transition Model to 1–3 country profiles (real or hypothetical) by identifying each country's DTM stage from demographic indicators (population pyramids, fertility, mortality, migration), analyzing implications for economic and social trends (dependency ratios, labor supply, urbanization), and proposing justified policy priorities (education, healthcare, pensions, labor market, migration/housing) appropriate to the identified stage; responses should cite key indicators and explain trade-offs.