Assess students' ability to analyze how gerrymandering techniques—packing and cracking—affect electoral competitiveness and minority representation. Expect definitions of packing/cracking, use of quantitative measures (seat margins, compactness scores, efficiency gap, seats‑to‑votes curves), interpretation of map examples and case studies to identify vote dilution or creation of safe seats, and critical evaluation of legal/policy remedies (e.g., Voting Rights Act, independent commissions) and their trade‑offs. Designed for Grade 9–12 advanced students; requires data interpretation, map reading, and reasoned policy analysis.