Assess students' ability to analyze how cognitive biases (loss aversion, anchoring, confirmation bias, present bias, overconfidence, framing) influence personal financial decisions—budgeting, saving, investing, credit use, and risk assessment. Students must identify biases in case scenarios, explain psychological mechanisms and financial consequences, evaluate trade-offs among interventions, and design evidence-based mitigation strategies (nudges, precommitment, defaults, checklists, reframing, financial education) with clear rationale and measurable success criteria; tasks emphasize higher-order analysis appropriate for Grade 9–12.