Assess students' ability to analyze how agricultural land-use change alters watershed hydrology and nitrate export in temperate regions, including effects on runoff, infiltration, baseflow, and seasonal flow regimes; identification of nitrate sources and transport pathways; interpretation of monitoring data and graphs; application of simple mass-balance or process-based modeling concepts; and evaluation of management and mitigation strategies (e.g., buffer strips, fertilizer practices) at watershed scales. Scope: undergraduate-level analysis using observational and modeling evidence, with quantitative and conceptual reasoning.